Do we walk enough in modern time?

возрастная анатомия physical activity физическая активность skeletal robustness relative elbow breadth daily step counts ежедневное количество шагов bipedal locomotion skeleton breadth measurements pelvic breadth locomotor systems опорно-двигательный аппарат humans люди человек прогулки ходьба

Anthropometry and secular trends in Saratov (Russia), Associations between some features of morphology and psychology as the general anthropological characteristic of the group, ...

60 Section GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT CHARACTER OF SECULAR CHANGES IN FUNCTIONAL INDICATORS AMONG SCHOOLCHILDREN OF POLOTSK (REPUBLIC OF BELARUS) Polina Natalya Institute of History, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (NAS), Minsk, Belarus Dynamics of functional indices was followed for 8-, 13-, and 17-year-old schoolchildren of Polotsk. <...> Changes in hand dynamometry (HD) in the period from 2002 to 2012 were also investigated among Polotsk schoolchildren. <...> A highly signifi cant (p<0.001) decline of HD among 8-year-old boys was revealed: for the right hand – 1.6 kg less, for the left hand – 1.7 kg less. <...> The decrease of hand strength among schoolchildren was observed in various countries, so the tendency for the HD level to grow parallel to the improvement of the functional traits of the cardiovascular system among adolescent boys of Polotsk deserves attention and might be connected with stabilization of ecological and economic situation in Belarus. <...> Key words: schoolchildren, performance indicators, secular trend Contact information: Polina Natalya, e-mail: natpolina@mail.ru. <...> Scheffl er Christiane1 , Hermanussen Michaell,2 1Human Biology Department, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany 2Pediatrician, Gettorf, Germany Modern human life style has led to signifi cant decreases of everyday physical activity and bipedal locomotion. <...> It has previously been shown that skeletal robustness (relative elbow breadth) is associated with daily step counts. <...> The aim of the study was to investigate whether other skeletal measures, particularly pelvic breadth, also may have changed in recent decades. <...> Elbow breadth, pelvic breadth (bicristal), and thoracic depth and breadth, of up to 28,975 healthy females and 28,288 healthy males aged 3–18 years from crosssectional anthropological surveys performed between 1980 and 2012 by the Universities of Potsdam and Berlin, Germany, were re-analysed. <...> Since 1980 relative elbow breadth (Frame index) signifi cantly decreased in both sexes (<0.001). <...> The trend towards slighter built was even more pronounced in absolute and relative pelvic breadth. <...> In contrast, equivalent changes of parts of the skeletal system that are not involved in bipedal locomotion such as thoracic breadth, thoracic depth and the thoracic index were absent. <...> The present investigation confi rms the decline in relative elbow <...>

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