Secular changes in morphological status of the Abkhazians for the last 30 years

Abkhazians абхазы anthropological studies антропологические исследования men мужчины women женщины body mass масса тела physical development тело физическое развитие stature рост physical anthropology физическая антропология body weight вес body-mass index индекс массы тела ИМТ BMI

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Section HUMANS and ENVIRONMENT SECULAR CHANGES IN MORPHOLOGICAL STATUS OF THE ABKHAZIANS FOR THE LAST 30 YEARS Kokoba Elizaveta, Godina Elena, Chizhikova Tatiana Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia The paper presents the results of anthropological studies of the adult Abkhazian population (aged 20 to 90 years old) of three villages for 30 years. <...> Secular changes of stature were examined in the pooled data. <...> The results show that Abkhazians, born between 1920 and 1990, reveal the existence of secular trend in stature, with the rate of 0.24 cm for men and 0.85 cm for women for each decade. <...> Secular dynamics of stature for men is not even, whereas for women - it is a gradual increase over the entire historical period. <...> For men, minimal average values of stature are found for those born in 1931–1940, as a consequence of a diffi cult period of social upheaval (collectivization, purges, the Great Patriotic War), maximal values - for those born in 1961–1970, as a result of the acceleration process. <...> Men born in 1981–1990 are characterized by a slight decrease in their height as a result of the unfavorable growth conditions in the 1990’s. <...> Analysis of the distribution of individual values for stature indicates the continuation of acceleration process and its stabilization for women. <...> Comparative analysis of the skinfolds in the Abkhazians of different generations was also performed, and body mass components (subcutaneous fat and total body fat) were calculated with J. Matiegka’s equations. <...> The fi ndings show a marked increase in the skinfold thickness (subscapular, chest, abdominal) in men and women of the 2010 survey, as well as high rates of age-related changes in these traits. <...> The same is true for the fat mass. With each subsequent survey, the younger generation of the Abkhazians is characterized by weaker physical development as demonstrated by hand grip strength. <...> The results of the study show that environmental factors have a strong effect on the physical status of the genetically stable population of rural Abkhazians. <...> In the former longevity population of Abkhazians there is a trend towards acceleration of the age-related changes. <...> This may be explained by the unfavorable socioeconomic processes of the 1990’s in Abkhazia. <...> Key words: physical anthropology, stature, body weight, body-mass index (BMI), fat mass, secular <...>

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