We reviewed the published data on a composition of plant pathogenic bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas damaging plant of family Poaceae (cereals) in Russia together with our new data obtained from surveys of cereal seeds from different regions of Russia. We assayed the xanthomonads on cereal seeds from different regions and have identified for the first time pathogens similar to species X. hortorum, X. campestris, X. cynarae, X. pisi, and X. gardeneri, which have not been reported yet on the cereal crops.