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BUCKWHEAT IN THE CONSERVATION OF INSECTS SPECIES DIVERSITY

Buckwheat - one of the most important of the field rotation crop, attracting and keeping a large number of insects. Entomocenosis of a buckwheat field consists of more than 170 species of insects pollinators, phytophags, entomophags. The dominant species are pollinators; there are about 90 species of them. They feed on nectar, pick up it and make pollination possible. Bee honey, wild bees, bumblebees, wasps, other hymenopterans, dipterous, beetles are widely spread. All of them are polytrophs - they visit many species of flowering plants, including buckwheat. Insects-phytophagous is the second largest group; about 50 species feed on seeds, roots, shoots and vegetating plants until the crop harvesting. The third group of insects, whose imagos feed on flowers and larvae (and sometimes imago) hymnical or parasitize on phytophags of buckwheat and on other crop rotation fields or on neighboring natural biotic communities: Coccinellidae, Chrisopidae, Syrphidae, Tachinidae, Phasiae, parasitic hymeonopterans. These insects need not only buckwheat plants, but also its phytophags that are food for their larvae. Entomophags is a group which includes about 30 species. The fifth group of insects is real predators - includes Carabidae and Staphylinidae mainly. The sixth group is insects, occasional visitors of buckwheat agrobiocenosis. Relations between insects, living in the buckwheat field, with other biocenosis components, are generally trophic (direct and indirect): «plants - insects phytophags»; «plants - insects phytophags - entomophags», «insects «neutrals» - entomophags»; and phoryc (zoochory): plants - insects pollinators. Topical communications appear under the influence of the plant defining living conditions of phytophags and entomophags (buckwheat crops as a habitat of insects with granting possibility of a shelter, a meeting of genders, reproduction and habitation of different stages of evolution). doi: 10.15217/279699

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Vestnik OrelGAU, 4(49), August 2014 UDC 633.12 BUCKWHEAT IN THE CONSERVATION OF INSECTS SPECIES DIVERSITY Naumkin V.P., Lysenko N.N., Doctors of Agricultural Sciences Orel State Agrarian University, Orel City, Russia E-mail: lysenko_nik@mail.ru ABSTRACT Buckwheat - one of the most important of the field rotation crop, attracting and keeping a large number of insects. <...> Entomocenosis of a buckwheat field consists of more than 170 species of insects pollinators, phytophags, entomophags. <...> They feed on nectar, pick up it and make pollination possible. <...> All of them are polytrophs - they visit many species of flowering plants, including buckwheat. <...> The third group of insects, whose imagos feed on flowers and larvae (and sometimes imago) hymnical or parasitize on phytophags of buckwheat and on other crop rotation fields or on neighboring natural biotic communities: Coccinellidae, Chrisopidae, Syrphidae, Tachinidae, Phasiae, parasitic hymeonopterans. <...> These insects need not only buckwheat plants, but also its phytophags that are food for their larvae. <...> Buckwheat agrocenosis differs from others field agrocenosis that, besides the biological features of crop, chemical means of protection from undesirables practically aren't used during cultivation technology. <...> The range of growth stimulators of the plants, allowed for use at vegetation of this crop is wider: in a phase of 2-3 leaves it is allowed to use a preparation Bigus - a water solution of potassium salt of humic acids, during the bud formation period - the preparation Epin-Ekstra (2,4-epibrasspolid) and Immunocitofite (ethylic ether of arakhidonovy acid), at the beginning of blossom - Novosil, Biosil, Silk (triterpenic acids), Emistim (2,4 - epibrasspolid). <...> On the other hand, being entomophillous buckwheat attracts a large number of insects feeding on nectar and pollen of flowers. <...> The study of insects of buckwheat agrocenosis is important, helps to determine species diversity, number dynamics, the dominance of species and their economic value for crops and for other crops rotations. <...> Figure 1 ‒ Carrying out the recording of insects on buckwheat crops on the experimental field of The All-Russia Research Institute of Legumes and Groat Crops (GNU VNIIZBK) by V.P. Naumkin During the data processing, we calculated the average number of species per 10 or 100 sweeps of the sweep net. <...> The largest group (about 100 species <...>
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