Between Andes and Amazon

genetics генетика Arawak-speaking Yanesha Peruvian populations gene pools генофонды гены Arawak languages аравакские языки Yanesha genes Y-chromosomes Y-хромосомы sex biased contacts chromosomes хромосомы demography демография DNA ДНК дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота антропогенетика

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114 Section MOLECULAR ANTHROPOLOGY – NEW ADVANCES BETWEEN ANDES AND AMAZON: GENETIC TRACES OF SEX BIASED SERIAL CONTACT IN THE ARAWAK-SPEAKING YANESHA Barbieri Chiara1 Ciani Graziella1 3 , Heggarty Paul2 , Boattini Alessio1 , Yang Yao Daniele1 , Luiselli Donata1 , Ferri Gianmarco3 , Pettener Davide1 , De Fanti Sara1 , 1Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy 2Department of Linguistics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany Dipartimento di Medicina Diagnostica, Clinica e di Sanitа Pubblica, Universitа degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy The Yanesha are a Peruvian population who inhabit a transitional area between the Andes and Amazonia; their intermediate position may have favored contact fl ows both in their gene pool and in their cultural characteristics. <...> In particular, the language they speak belongs to the Arawak language family, which suggests an Amazonian origin. <...> However, a strong infl uence by Quechua, the most widespread language family of the Andes, makes for a more complex demographic past. <...> The Yanesha are investigated here as a case study of language and population dynamics across the Andes-Amazonia divide, with 214 individuals genotyped for both Y chromosome (17 STRs and 16 SNPs diagnostic for assigning haplogroups) and mtDNA data (control region sequences and 4 SNPs diagnostic for assigning haplogroups). <...> We uncover sex-biased genetic trends that probably arose in different stages: fi rst, a male-biased gene fl ow from Andean regions, genetically consistent with highland Quechua-speakers and probably dating back to Inca expansion; and second, traces of European contact consistent with Y chromosome lineages from Italy and Tyrol, in line with recent migrations. <...> Most research in the history, archaeology and linguistics of South America has long been characterized by perceptions of a sharp divide between the Andes and Amazonia. <...> Our results serve as a clear case-study confi rming demographic fl ows across that ‘divide’. <...> Key words: Yanesha, mtDNA, Y chromosome, South America, language Contact information: Pettener Davide, e-mail: davide.pettener@unibo.it. <...> Series 23 ANTHROPOLOGIYA — 3/2014 19th Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia, 25th <...>

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